The definition of terms used in this document can be found at:
The Community Services Infrastructure Standard this document is a part of.
A short review of the terms defined in aforementioned documents and how they apply to puppet.
An operating system instance managed by Puppet. Note that this can be the same OS instance as the puppet master. Either an OS on it's own hardware or virtualized. In puppet manifests, this is reffered to as a 'node'.
Facts are details or properties returned by Facter. Facter has many builtin details about the node it runs on, such as the hostname. Creating your own custom facts is relatively easy.
See also: Section 3.2, “Facts and Variables”, Section 4.3, “Creating Custom Facts”, Section 4.4, “Using Facts and Variables”
The actual configuration to apply to puppet clients.
A node is the term used in manifests to indicate a Client.
A puppet is a managed node or client. Note that this can be the same node the puppetmaster is running on.
The puppetmaster is the puppet server, from which nodes get their configuration and required actions.
This refers to the puppet server, or puppetmaster. While this usually applies to nodes offering services to other nodes, this document does only use the term *server* to indicate the puppetmaster.